an abstract concept does not exist, it can not cross into reality;
it is made up, an invention; it is non sense;
sourceCrown: it is an “amorphous, abstract concept”, a “convenient cover for ignorance”;
Source: David Torrance, House of Commons Library, The Crown and the Constitution, 4 August 2025;
Crown copyright
Source: Crown Copyright in the Information Age, January 1998; Annex A: non-exhaustive;
Crown, fiction and its styles
David Torrance writes that the monarch and the Crown are related but separate, and reports a corporation-sole account of the Crown; William Blackstone writes that corporations are artificial persons and that the King is a sole corporation;
sourceCopyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 163: qualifying work “made by His Majesty or by an officer or servant of the Crown”; “His Majesty is the first owner”; “Crown copyright”; section 164: “His Majesty is entitled to copyright in every Act”; “Crown copyright”;
man is man; “His Majesty”: is a style; King: is a title and office; corporation sole: is an artificial person; Crown: is an abstract concept; Crown-in-Parliament and Crown copyright: are categories; all of them are fiction; fiction can not do a deed; it is non sense;
© Crown copyright [year]: it is an implied claim; a fiction can not own a copyright;
- an imaginary thing can not receive, hold, own, license, or grant authority; it does not exist;
- the chain contains fiction;
- fiction can not cross the boundary into reality;
- to pretend it can is deceit;
see the first use and development of corporation sole;
license
sourcein section 163 and section 164 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, it is written that “His Majesty” is first owner of qualifying Crown work, is entitled to copyright in every Act, and that the copyright is called “Crown copyright”;
“His Majesty” is a mask for a man;
fiction can not own copyright;
sourceDavid Torrance, House of Commons Library, The Crown and the Constitution, writes that Crown is an “amorphous, abstract concept” and a “convenient cover for ignorance”;
Crown is an abstract concept, a mask of fiction; see prosopopoeia;
sourceon The National Archives website, it is written that the Keeper of Public Records manages Crown copyright under Letters Patent; Saul Nassé is presently named as the man holding the offices of Keeper of Public Records, King’s Printer and Controller of His Majesty’s Stationery Office, and as responsible for licensing Crown copyright;
Keeper of Public Records, King’s Printer and Controller of His Majesty’s Stationery Office are masks of a man; see personation;
fiction can not authorise;
sourcein the Open Government Licence v3.0, it is written that The National Archives developed the licence;
The National Archives is a named organisation, a mask of fiction; see prosopopoeia;
sourcein the Open Government Licence v3.0, “Licensor” is defined as an authorised Information Provider or the Keeper of Public Records for Crown copyright information;
“Information Provider” and “Licensor” are masks of fiction;
fiction can not offer information;
sourcein the Open Government Licence v3.0, it is written that “The Licensor grants you” a licence;
fiction can not grant;
fiction can not license;
applicationin the source, man kind substitutes styles, concepts, offices, organisations and defined names for man; each is a mask for fiction; none can perform the deed attributed to it;
none is a man; they are the masks of fiction that hide a man;
a man writes the licence and pretends the authority of Crown; see fraud;
fiction can not crossover to reality;
Crown fiction in everyday use
identity and personal records
- Driving License — the Secretary of State legally grants the licence under the Road Traffic Act 1988, section 97; Secretary of State for Transport is a corporation sole; fiction can not grant; see fraud;
- Birth Certificate — Certified Copy of an Entry (CCOAE) — a certified copy of an entry is provided under the Births and Deaths Registration Act 1953, section 30; Registrar General for England and Wales is a corporation sole; fiction can not certify; see fraud;
- Passport — the decision to issue belongs to the Home Secretary under the Royal Prerogative; HM Passport Office acts operationally on the Home Secretary’s behalf; Crown is an abstract concept; fiction can not issue; see fraud;
- other Annex A items: death and marriage certificates; land certificates; office copies of registers or title sheets;
law, road and official process
- MOT Test Certificate — the Road Traffic Act 1988, section 47 prohibits using a vehicle to which it applies on a road without a current test certificate; Acts of Parliament are Crown copyright; Crown is an abstract concept; fiction can not prohibit; see fraud;
- Act of Parliament — under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 164, His Majesty is entitled to copyright in every Act; every Act is Crown copyright; fiction can not own; see fraud;
- other Annex A items: Statutory Instruments, Statutory Rules and Orders; court judgments and tribunal decisions; the Highway Code and Police and Criminal Evidence Code of Practice; Building Regulations;
forms, registers, maps and signs
- V5C Registration Document — under the Road Vehicles (Registration and Licensing) Regulations 2002, regulation 10(4), the Secretary of State shall issue a registration document to the keeper; Secretary of State for Transport is a corporation sole; fiction can not issue; see fraud;
- Postal Address and Postcode — the Postal Services Act 2000, section 116 requires the owner of the Postcode Address File to maintain it and make it available; Ofcom records Royal Mail as owner and defines Royal Mail as Royal Mail Group Limited; Royal Mail Group Limited is a company, an artificial person; fiction can not own; see fraud;
- HM Land Registry Title Register — paragraph 4 of the Land Registration Act 2002 Explanatory Notes states: “The Crown is the only absolute owner of land in England and Wales: all others hold an estate in land”; Crown is an abstract concept; fiction can not own; see fraud;
- HMRC Notice to File a Tax Return — under the Taxes Management Act 1970, section 8, a person may be required by notice to make and deliver a return; the Finance Act 2020, section 103 says HMRC may give that notice; HMRC comprises the Commissioners and officers of Revenue and Customs; the Commissioners act on behalf of the Crown; Crown is an abstract concept; fiction can not require; see fraud;
Corporation sole: examples
there is no securely documented single invention date for corporation sole, and the surviving record does not show that it was invented for Crown; the device developed through ecclesiastical property and succession before Coke; Sutton’s Hospital concerned an aggregate corporation in 1612; in his report, published in 1614, Coke classified corporations as sole or aggregate and gave “the King, bishop, parson” as examples of the sole; Coke wrote King, not Crown; see the corporation-sole source chronology;
a Corporation sole is an abstract concept, it is a fiction; here are some uses, any of which indicate that wherever it is relied upon, the outcome is falsehood;
| corporation sole | use | provision |
|---|---|---|
| Crown | property vested in Crown and succession; | Law of Property Act 1925, section 180 — property context; |
| Registrar General | birth and death registration; certified copies; | Registration Service Act 1953, section 1(2); |
| Secretary of State for Transport | V5C registration document and driving licence; | Secretary of State for Transport Order 1976, article 4; |
| Treasury Solicitor | property and deeds; unclaimed estates and dissolved-company assets; | Treasury Solicitor Act 1876, section 1; |
| Public Trustee | trust and estate administration; | Public Trustee Act 1906, sections 1 and 2; |
| Official Custodian for Charities | holds title to charity land despite changing trustees; | Charities Act 2011, Schedule 2, paragraph 1; |
| Housing Ombudsman | tenant and landlord complaint determinations; not a Crown chain; | Housing Act 1996, Schedule 2, paragraph 10; 2013 corporation-sole order; |
| police and crime commissioners; chief constables | police governance, staff and property; not every police act; | Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011, sections 1–4 and Schedule 2; |
- the Secretary of State legally grants the driving licence under the Road Traffic Act 1988, section 97;
- Secretary of State for Transport is a corporation sole; a corporation sole is fiction;
- fiction can not grant, or cross over into reality; see fraud;
sources
source list
- David Torrance, House of Commons Library, The Crown and the Constitution, 4 August 2025, summary and section 1.1, pages 6–9: no single accepted definition for Crown; monarch and Crown related but separate; Crown vested in the King; corporation-sole account;
- Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 163 and section 164;
- William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, Book I, chapter 18, star pages 467–470: corporations are artificial persons; the King is a sole corporation;
- Crown Copyright in the Information Age, Cm 3819, January 1998, chapter 2 and Annex A;
- Intellectual Property Office, copyright guidance and The National Archives, copyright statements in official publications: no requirement of notice for protection; appropriate copyright-and-reuse statement required for government publications;
- Road Traffic Act 1988, section 97: the Secretary of State must grant a licence when the requirements are met; Secretary of State for Transport Order 1976, article 4: named office constituted a corporation sole; DVLA, about: Department for Transport executive agency responsible for issuing photocard driving licences and vehicle registration certificates; Road Vehicles (Registration and Licensing) Regulations 2002, regulation 10(4): the Secretary of State shall issue a registration document to the keeper;
- Postal Services Act 2000, section 116: the owner must maintain the Postcode Address File and make it available; Ofcom, PAF and postcode decisions, 7 April 2025: Royal Mail owns the File; Ofcom, designated universal service provider conditions: Royal Mail means Royal Mail Group Limited; Companies House, Royal Mail Group Limited: active private limited company;
- Land Registration Act 2002, Explanatory Notes, paragraph 4: “The Crown is the only absolute owner of land in England and Wales: all others hold an estate in land”; HM Land Registry, about: registers ownership of land and property in England and Wales;
- Taxes Management Act 1970, section 8: notice requiring a return; Finance Act 2020, section 103: HMRC may give the notice; Commissioners for Revenue and Customs Act 2005, section 4: meaning of HMRC; section 1(4): Commissioners act on behalf of the Crown;
- Road Traffic Act 1988, section 47 and MOT testing guide: obligatory test certificate; examination by an approved tester; result recorded;
- Births and Deaths Registration Act 1953, section 30 and section 33: certified-copy route; Registration Service Act 1953, section 1(2), inserted by Statistics and Registration Service Act 2007, section 68: Registrar General constituted a corporation sole; The National Archives and GRO certificate guidance: printed assertion of Crown copyright in the certificate layout; no ownership of its contents;
- Law of Property Act 1925, section 180: property vested in a corporation sole, expressly “including the Crown”; Treasury Solicitor Act 1876, section 1; Public Trustee Act 1906, section 1 and section 2; Charities Act 2011, Schedule 2, paragraph 1;
- Housing Act 1996, Schedule 2, paragraph 10 and Housing Ombudsman annual report and accounts: corporation-sole administration from 1 April 2013; Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011, section 1 and Schedule 2, paragraph 2: police and crime commissioners and chief constables as corporations sole;
- Cabinet Office, Common Legislative Solutions: corporation sole in England, Wales or Northern Ireland; Scots law has no corporation-sole concept; legislation.gov.uk exact-phrase search: index requiring office-by-office status checks, not a central register;
- HM Passport Office, about: sole issuer of UK passports on behalf of Crown;
- Official Royal Prerogative guidance: the decision to issue belongs to the Home Secretary under the Royal Prerogative; HM Passport Office acts operationally on the Home Secretary’s behalf;
- Erskine May, enacting formula and UK Parliament, Royal Assent;
